International Conference on Cytopathology September 01-02, 2015 Toronto, Canada

Born in 1958, Dr Piaton was trained in pathology at Lyon, France, and was then appointed full-time practitioner at the university hospital of Grenoble. There, he spent 6 years in pulmonary, central nervous system and urologic cytopathology. He took his MD degree in 1986 and his PhD in 1990. Since 1992, he is half-time assistant professor in histology and half-time pathologist at the Centre de Pathologie Est, Bron, with special interest and training in all organs except thyroid. He was secretary general of the French Society of Clinical Cytology, 2011-14. His current research focuses on markers applied to urothelial malignancy.

Background: urine cytology (UC) is an accurate method in the search for high-grade urothelial carcinoma, with cyto-histologic correlation as high as 80-100%. Although an “atypical” or “suspicious” UC report carries a higher association with urothelial carcinoma in comparison with “reactive” or “negative” diagnoses, there remains great heterogeneity between the teams. The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (PS-UC, see http://paris.soc.wisc.edu/) currently in progress aims at creating a reliable system to identify patients who need immediate cystoscopy vs. those who can be followed at an interval based upon risk stratification.rnrnAim: to investigate whether atypical, non superficial urothelial cells (AUC) “of undetermined significance’’ and ‘‘cannot exclude high grade’’ (AUC-US and AUC-H, both candidates of the PS-UC) might be associated with a) concomitant high-grade urothelial cancer and b) increased high-grade cancer risk in the follow-up period. rnrnMethods: a hospital-based patient Excel database to describe the diagnostic (aim a) and prognostic (aim b) values of AUC-US and AUC-H cases. Individual data were collected from the DIAMIC database (Infologic-Santé, Valence, France) of the pathology laboratory information system, and from the Easily information system developed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon. Statistical methods included the online BiostaTGV analysis software, Chi-2 square and Fischer’s exact test, Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test.rnrnOverview and follow-up of data contents: demographic information including age, sex and birth date. Clinico-pathologic variables including cystoscopy, imaging techniques and histology. Treatment data (biopsies and TUR, bladder and upper tract surgery, BCG-, radio- and chemotherapy) including dates were recorded. Missing data being an issue, the database is regularly checked for data inconsistencies and completeness. rnrnInclusion period: July 1999 to December 2013. Follow-up until May 2014 (at least 6 months). Cases from January 2014 were not recorded at the date of writing.rnrnMain results: before exclusion, there were 474 AUC cases representing 1.6% of all UC reports, which is in accordance with our previous reports (1). After 94 cases (19.8%) have been excluded, there remained 294 AUC-US and 86 AUC-H cases in 237 patients. The predictive value of AUC-H for urothelial carcinoma (all grades) was 83.7%, vs. 73.5% for AUC-US (p = 0.04). Recurrence-free survival of patients with AUC-H was significantly shorter that that of patients with AUC-US (p = 0.007). Detailed results will be given to the Cytopathology-2015 conference.rnrnRelevant work: example publications: rn1. Cytopathology 2014; 25: 27-38 rn2. Acta Cytol. 57 (suppl 1), 11 (2013)rn3. Ann. Pathol. 2011; 31: 11-17rn

Dr. Tessy PJ has completed her post graduation in Pathology from Mahatma Gandhi University and is presently working as a senior faculty in the Department of Pathology Government Medical College Ernakulam. She proved her merit as an expert in the field of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and is an excellent academician. She is actively involved in diagnostic and research activities and has several publications in reputed national and international journals.rnrn

Objective : To elucidate the cytomorphological features of various salivary gland lesions and explore the diagnostic accuracy and pitfalls of FNAC. rnMaterials and methods : 130 patients with various salivary gland lesions referred to the cytology lab of our institute over a period of two years were taken up for the study. FNAC was done with prior consent after recording the relevant clinical details. Only 61 patients who underwent surgery ultimately were included in the study.rnResults : In the present study, we obtained 130 cases of salivary gland lesions. The age range of the group varied from 1year to 88 years with a mean age of 45 years. Biopsy confirmation of diagnosis was available in 61 cases. Benign tumors constituted the largest category followed by malignant tumors and inflammatory lesions. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign tumor and mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor in our study. The overall diagnostic accuracy of FNAC was 86.7% with a sensitivity of 56.3% and a specificity of 97.7% for detecting malignancy.rnConclusion: FNAC is a safe and economic procedure for preoperative evaluation and categorization of various salivary gland lesions. Proper sampling of lesions and adequate cellularity of the smears are the pre-requistes for an accurate diagnosis. Pitfalls in cytologic diagnosis were due to errors in sampling and interpretation of smears. This study highlights the utility of FNAC in distinguishing benign and malignant salivary gland tumors which are of utmost value in planning the further management of the patient.rn

Dirisu Chimezie Gabriel holds a B.Sc and M.Sc degree in Microbiology from University of Port Harcourt and Bayero University Kano, Nigeria respectively and is a PhD candidate at Federal Univerity of Technology Owerri. She is a lecturer at the Department of Integrated science, Federal College of Education (Technical) Omoku, Nigeria.

The use of medicinal herbs is popular among trado-medical practitioners in Nigeria and the world at large. Different concentrations of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Neem (Azadiractha indica), a medicinal herb, were administered on hypertensive patients with high blood pressure and changes in body weight measured at eight weeks. Result showed a change in body weight rate ranging from 8.50kg/ml -10.51kg/ml with aqueous A. Indica extract (AAIE) and from 10.60kg/ml-11.61kg/ml for ethanoic A.indica extract (EAIE). ANOVA statistics indicates that EAIE significantly caused higher body weight change than AAIE (P<0.05). Regression analysis of extract concentration and body weight shows a linear equation of y=88.55x-1496.5. Histological examination of blood smears from treated patients shows no degenerative changes in cell morphology indicating lack of toxicity and hence A. indica is safe to be administered to patients up to a concentration of 800mg/kg body weight. It is recommended however, that microbiologically safe standard should be applied in its extraction, storage and use to avoid contamination, which will eventually negate its potency as curative herb. rn

Professor Antonina Yashchenko has got her Doctoral Degree in 2004. She is Professor at Histology Department in Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University. She works at the department for more than 30 years. She has published more than 100 papers in Ukrainian and International journals. Scientific field of interest: Lectin- and immunohistochemical analysis of carbohydrate determinants in normal and pathologically changed cells and tissues.

The experimental studies involved 20 sexually mature male rats 180-200 g. weight, including 10 control and 10 with experimental hypothyroidism induced by the introduction into the food thyreostatic drug merkazolilum at a dose of 5 mg / kg body weight for 30 days. Histological material was fixed in 4% neutral formalin. Overview slides 5-7 μm thick were stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Glycoconjugates of the lungs structural components were studied using method of lectin-peroxidase technique. The set of lectins, labeled by horseradish peroxidase, included: concanavalin A (ConA, αDMan specific), peanut lectin (PNA specific for βDGal(β1-3)DGalNAc), soybean (SBA, specific for a DGalNAc), wheat germ (WGA, specific for DGlcNAc, NeuNAc), elderberry bark (SNA, specific for Neu5Ac(α2-6)Gal/DGalNAc), crust of golden rain (LABA, specific for αLFuc). It has been shown, that experimental hypothyroidism is associated with perivascular edema and lectin receptors modification in the lungs structural components, induced the immune processes activation, that resulted in increased number of the SBA- positive alveolar macrophages and BALT-associated LABA positive dendritic cells. Lectin SBA (specific for a DGalNAc) may be considered as one of markers of alveolar macrophages, lectin LABA (specific for αLFuc) as a marker of BALT-associated dendritic cells.

Torill Sauer completed her PhD in 1999 at the University of Oslo. She is a professor of pathology at the University of Oslo since 2005. She has published about 80 papers in reputed journals.

Objective: to investigate the effect of the small amount of formaldehyde in the SurePath liquid (< 0.2 %) when establishing a routine protocol for immunocytochemistry.\r\nMaterial and methods: Rest material from unfixed effusions containing either carcinoma cells or a fair number of mesothelial cells. The cells were transferred to Surepath and left in the liquid for 1, 5 and 12 days before immunostaining. Day 0 equaled a staining protocol not using Surepath for fixation. CK7 was used as a test marker because it was easy to find suitable rest effusion material. Immunostaining was done at several time points and with varying protocols for pretreatment and incubation of CK7 AB. Adding or omitting\r\n neutral buffred formalin (NBF) was also recorded. The cytoplasmic staining intensity of carcinoma cells and/or mesothelial cells was evaluated.\r\nResults and conclusions: the small amount of formaldehyde in SurePath influences the immunoreactivicty of cells in the liquid. Reduced staining intensity may be seen within 5 days of storage in the SurePath liquid. HRT is essential and the pretreatment must reflect the routine storage time of cells in Surepath liquid before eventual immunostaining.\r\n

Marcela da Costa Gomes is in the 4th year of Veterinary Medicine at UNESP – Sao Paulo State University, in Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil. rn

Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common type of bone tumor. It could range about 85% of malignant primary neoplasms of skeleton. In Brazil almost 75% of OSA reach appendicular skeleton while 25% compromise the axial skeleton. The cell block technique is a procedure that is commonly used at the human medicine. But at the veterinary medicine we have few reports. The aim of this work was qualify the sensibility of cell block and osteocalcin immunohistochemistry at the diagnosis of OSA in dogs. Ten cases of primary OSA of dogs were approached by the cell block and immunoassay to osteocalcin technique. The positive control was the histopathological exam of each tumor. The results were positive about the quality of sample, facility of procedure, time and low cost, sensibility and specificity expressive. Therefore it validates the technique for the diagnosis of OSA cancer in dogs.