Day 3 :
- Veterinary Cytopathology | Clinical & Molecular Cytopathology | Gynecological and Breast Cytopathology | Cytopathology & Disease diagnosis
Chair
Qing Kay Li
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
Session Introduction
Qing Kay Li
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
Title: Current concept in the new WHO classification of lung cancers, and its impacts on the cytological differential diagnosis of lung cancers
Time : 10:00-10:25
Biography:
Li is an internationally recognized expert in the field of cytopathology and co-PI in Johns Hopkins Biomarker Discovery Center. She provides diagnostic surgical pathology service at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, and conducts research in the field of novel biomarkers in lung and prostate cancers. Her work has been presented at many national/international meetings. Dr. Li also serves as editorial board members for several journals, committee member of the American Society of Cytopathology, and study sections of government agents and private organizations. She has more than 80 publications and book chapters. Dr. Li is also the co-editor of “Diagnostic Cytopathology Board Review and Self-Assessmentâ€.
Abstract:
The new WHO classification of lung cancers has been published recently. Several concepts and guidelines have been incorporated into this new edition based on molecular characterizations of lung tumors and targeted therapies. Many improvements have already been made in the past decade due to the discovery of EGFR mutation and the innovation of new diagnostic techniques. The new WHO classification has a critical impact on the cytological practice. The cytological specimens commonly used in clinical diagnosis include: sputum, bronchial brushing and washing, bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial fine needle aspiration (TBNA), endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial fine needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), and transthoracic CT- or ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration. Familiarity with the new classification of lung cancers, cytomorphological features of respiratory specimens, and techniques of obtaining these samples are critical in order to make an accurate diagnosis. In addition, ancillary studies, including immunohistochemical studies and molecular tests, also play important roles in lung cancer classification. In this presentation, we will discuss the current concept of lung cancers, and the utility of ancillary tests, including immunohistochemistry and molecular test, in the classification of lung cancers.
Je-Chiuan Ye
Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
Title: Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes develop potential anticancer activity in elderly lung cancer drug
Time : 10:25-10:50
Biography:
Je-Chiuan Ye has completed his PhD from Chung Shan Medical University. He has been engaged in academic research for many years. He has published in prestigious journals.
Abstract:
In this study, human lung cancer cells (A549) were used to elucidate the mechanism and death mode associated with monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. We use a monoterpene and sesquiterpene in Human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line A549 and it was assessed by MTT assay. Monoterpene and sesquiterpene can significantly reduce the proliferation of A549 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. By flow cytometric analysis, we analyzed that monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes treatment resulted apoptosis in A549 cancer cells. By Western blotting, we further explored the cell to study apoptosis. We examined the anti-proliferation effect of phytochemicals on human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell lines. Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes can significantly reduce the proliferation of A549 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. We found that phytochemicals can suppress the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell lines (A549). This result suggests that monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes have anticancer activities against A549 cancer cells. Our finding suggests that monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes can be a good candidate of anti lung cancer drug and suggests that these are promising chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agent.
Nazan Eras
University of Mersin, Turkey
Title: Investigation for Polymorphisms of Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 Gene and Enzyme Levels in Leukemia Patients
Time : 10:50-11:15
Biography:
Nazan Eras, M.D., Ph.D. Eras was born in Malatya in 1970. She graduated from Dicle University, School of Medicine, Diyarbakır, in 1995. Nazan Eras; after graduate from Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, she worked as a general practitioner. She completed her MSc in 2006 and PhD in 2012 at Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics. She has published more than 39 papers and announcement in journals and has been serving as peer reviewer in journals. Nazan Eras still continues to work as Medical Doctor at Ministry of Health Turkey. Her research interests include clinical cancer genetics, human molecular genetics and oxidative stress.
Abstract:
For understanding of leukemia and treated with early diagnosis, it should be investigated moleculer changes that occur during the development of leukemia. Apoptosis is central to the development and homeostasis of the hematopoietic system. Previous studies have reported that leukemia cells invariably have abnormalities in one or more apoptotic pathways. The current study investigated the relationship between polymorphisms of caspase 3 G>T rs4647601 and caspase 9 A>G rs4645978 and leukemia. Besides that we aimed to determine caspase 3 and caspase 9 enzyme levels possible effects on the risk of developing leukemia. The case group consisted of 100 patients (mean age:56±03) who had been newly diagnosed with leukemia at the Department of Hematology, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey. The control group comprised of 100 healthy properly age and sex matched individuals (mean age:54±15) with a no history of leukemia. The genotypes detected by using Real-Time PCR. We measured enzyme levels of caspase 3 and 9 in serum which obtained from blood samples. No significant association was observed between caspase 3 G>T rs4647601 and caspase 9 A>G rs4645978 polymorphisms and leukemia. We found that median levels of caspase 3 and 9 were higher in leukemias than in normal blood cells (P <0.001). This is the first study reporting the detailed distribution of alleles and genotypes of caspase 3 and caspase 9 in leukemia patients in Turkish population. Taken together, we conclude that caspase 3 and caspase 9 levels may useful for the early diagnosis of leukemia.
Noeme Sousa Rocha
Sao Paulo State University. Brazil
Title: Fine Needle Aspiration: Osteomyelitis and Osteossarcoma in dogs
Time : 12:00-12:25
Biography:
Noeme Sousa Rocha is graduated in Veterinary Medicine from the State University of Maranhão (1989), Masters in Pathology from the Sao Paulo State University (1994) and PhD in Pathology from the Sao Paulo State University (1998). It is currently - Journal of Animal Science Faculty, Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy (Uruguaiana) and associate professor of Sao Paulo State University. Has experience in the area of veterinary medicine, with emphasis on Animal Pathology Anatomy, acting on the following topics: veterinary, cytopathology, pathology, cancer and istopathology. Associate member of the International Academy of Pathology.
Abstract:
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is a primary malign, non-hematopoietic osteogenic tumor with an increased incidence of cases in the last years, which is probably related both with patients’ longevity and with the advent of technics that allow more accurate diagnosis. OSA appears spontaneously in the appendicular bone with significant impact both in dogs and in children, being this biological similarity that has made dogs a clinical model for the study of OSA in humans. Unfortunately, the lesion is aggressive and has high metastasis rates regardless of species, affecting, among other organs, the lungs. The survival prognosis is bad in patients with pulmonary metastasis or unresponsive to chemotherapy, making it highly lethal. Traditionally, the therapy consists in amputation, followed by chemotherapy. For humans, chemotherapy, based on a previous histological diagnosis including the degree of aggressiveness, exhibits better survival due to metastasis reduction; however, the conduct is not much explored in Brazil. Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of the bone, bone marrow, endosteum, periosteum and vascular channels, and can be associated with bacterial, fungal and viral diseases. According to the medical condition evolution, osteomyelitis can be classified as chronic or acute, the last being less frequently diagnosed. Chronic osteomyelitis can result from inadequate treatment of acute bone inflammation, which indicates the importance of rapid and accurate diagnosis to better therapeutic conduct of the osteomyelitis being treated. In this study it was verified, by light microscopy, the morphological expression of parameters used for cytological OSA and osteomyelitis diagnosis of 20 different pure and mixed breed dogs, followed by analyzing both possible malignancy criteria. The goal of this project is to demonstrate that the fine-needle aspiration technique is able to carry out efficiently the diagnosis of osteomyelitis as well as canine osteosarcoma.
Noeme S Rocha
Sao Paulo State University. Brazil
Title: Cytopathological staging of transmissible venereal tumour
Time : 11:35-12:00
Biography:
Noeme Sousa Rocha is graduated in Veterinary Medicine from the State University of Maranhão (1989), Masters in Pathology from the Sao Paulo State University (1994) and PhD in Pathology from the Sao Paulo State University (1998). It is currently - Journal of Animal Science Faculty, Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy (Uruguaiana) and associate professor of Sao Paulo State University. Has experience in the area of veterinary medicine, with emphasis on Animal Pathology Anatomy, acting on the following topics: veterinary, cytopathology, pathology, cancer and istopathology. Associate member of the International Academy of Pathology.
Abstract:
Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a neoplasm of round cell plasmocitoide and linfocitoide aspect. The tumor present several particularities, for example, in the recent years has been evidenced a progressive increase of tumor with high percentages of aggressiveness and different response to chemotherapy, including resistance. In order to obtain better information for cytological staging and therapeutic approaches to treatment of patients with this tumour, eighteen dogs with cytological diagnosis of TVT were studied. For each tumour, the smears were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively for the presentation of nuclear malignancy criteria as evidenced by moulding, denuded, nuclear inclusions, evident nucleoli, halo around the nucleolus, slit and binucleation, and cytoplasmatic characteristics such as tadpole, signet ring, projections and cannibalism. Those stained by the Giemsa method were used for cytoplasmatic and nuclear classification; the Shorr method was used to determine specific nuclear malignancy criteria. Ten fields from each slide were analyzed to give average values for each characteristic. Chi-square test was used for data analysis. Fiftteen of the 18 dogs were mixed breed, with one French Poodle, one Teckel and other Bull Terrier. Dog ages ranged from 5 to 10 years. Eighty percent were males. The tumour was most commonly found in the external genitalia (15 cases) and the other three tumours on skin and gum. The plasmocytoid type morphology was found on all cases. In general the nuclear and cytoplasmic malignancy criteria observed in different TVTs analyzed, did not differ from the literature, and clinical relationship was seen between staging and cytopathological findings suggesting that put provide greater certainty about the degree of aggressiveness, progression and prognosis in the patients with TVT. Use of cytopathological staging in this tumour can serve as a criterion to suggest the possible evolution and thus type of therapy.
Ali Aliabadi
Islamic Azad University, Iran
Title: Transmission electron microscopy of the retina following Thyroidectomy in rabbit
Time : 12:25-12:50
Biography:
Ali Aliabadi has completed his doctorate on veterinary surgery at the age of 25 years from Shiraz University. He has completed his clinical fellow studies on orthopedic surgery in Munich Ludwig Maximillian University. He is an assistant professor of veterinary surgery. His researches had focused on animal model in surgical pathology. He has published more than 14 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in the neuroretinal maturation of the eye and central nervous system development. An experiment was conducted to survey the effects of thyroidectomy on rabbit retina. In this study, 10 male rabbits of New Zealand strips were divided into two groups of five animals each (control group and thyroidectomy group). Before surgery, the rabbits were maintained in 12-h light and 12-h dark. The animals were anesthetized with intra peritoneal injection of 10 mg/kg xylazine and 6 mg/kg ketamine, and bilateral thyroidectomy was performed. One and 2 weeks after surgery, the rabbits were sacrificed by humane methods. Then, retinas of the killed rabbits were isolated in the laboratory and examined by electron microscopy for evaluating cells and changes in inner segment, outer segment, outer limiting membrane, and outer nuclear layer. The result of this experiment showed vacuolization in inner section and endoplasmic reticulum of rabbit retina in group two. It was also observed that mitochondria of the inner segment of retina were larger and more circular than mitochondrial in control group; moreover, most of them had lost their crystal. The core in the control group was normal and had round to oval shape and distributed chromatin, but in thyroidectomy group, the mode of the nucleus was small and dark (pyknosis) and some nucleus had been destroyed. In our study, we focus on electron microscopic changes of retina following thyroidectomy that reflects us a new concept of cellular changes. In conclusion, this study showed that thyroidectomy affected retinal compounds such as in outer segment, inner segment, and outer nuclear layer, and ultimately leads to vision problems.
Maral mokhtari
Shiraz university of Medical Sciences, Iran
Title: Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Cytological Findings
Time : 12:50-13:15
Biography:
Maral Mokhtari has completed pathology specialty in Shiraz university of Medical Sciences. She is lab director of Shahid Faghihi Hospital. She has published more than 25 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
The occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma is rising especially in areas with high incidence of viral hepatitis. Fine needle aspiration is a safe, cost effective and accurate method for diagnosis of liver space occupying lesions. In this study we report our experience in cytology of HCC. 58 patients (20 female and 38 male), histologically documented cases of hepatocellular carcinoma were studied, retrospectively. 25 patients were cirrhotic. The frequency of viral hepatitis was 40% (30% HBV and 10% HCV). The smears were hyper-cellular, consisting of two and three-dimensional clusters of round cells with centrally located nuclei in 58, 100% of cases. Atypical bare nuclei were frequently noted (49, 84% patients). Prominent nucleoli (25, 43% patients), endothelial cell rapping clusters of hepatocytes (40, 68% cases), transgressing vessels (38, 65% patients) intra-cytoplasmic bile (42,72% patients), intra-nuclear pseudo inclusions (22, 37% patients), and hepatitic rosettes enclosing extracellular bile plugs (20, 34% cases) were observed.Tumor giant cells (31, 53% cases), tad pole-like cells (5,8% cases) and Reed-Stenberg-like cells (1, 1.7% patient) were also seen.Some smears showed clusters of hepatocytes with clear cytoplasm and some of them showed micro-vesicular fatty change in 12, 20% patients. In conclusion, using different cytologic criteria, hepatocellular may reliably be differentiated from its mimickers. Besides other previously defined cytological features, Reed-Stenberg-like cells can be seen in hepatocellular carcinoma.